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imported>Luciano
(Created page with "This is a list of countries I am NOT currently mapping in OGF, but would be mapping if I had more time and could be a greedy monster who could just grab territory whenever I w...")
 
imported>Luciano
(Created page with "The Bofobundan language (<span style="font-size:150%">بفبلالا</span> ''bofolala'') is the main, historical language of the country called User:Luciano/Sandbox/Unmappe...")
 
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This is a list of countries I am NOT currently mapping in OGF, but would be mapping if I had more time and could be a greedy monster who could just grab territory whenever I wanted to.
The Bofobundan language (<span style="font-size:150%">بفبلالا</span> ''bofolala'') is the main, historical language of the country called [[User:Luciano/Sandbox/Unmapped/Bofobundah|Bofobundah]]. It uses a writing system adapted from the Parsan.


I am making this page because even if I am not mapping countries, I'd like to use the wiki to "take notes" and develop ideas for these countries. It seems more organized than just having the ideas sitting in piles of scraps of paper in my home.
= Distribution =


* [[User:Luciano/Sandbox/Unmapped/Gohanguk|Gohanguk/고한국/古韓國]] - this is a Korea-analogue. Unlike "real" Korea, I imagine a country that never underwent colonization (cf "real" Korea which was colonized by Japan 1905-1945), but transitioned more-or-less in isolation from medieval Choson Korea to modern North Korea.
Besides the Bofobundan homeland, countries with Bofobundan-speaking populations include the following (in descending order of number-of-speakers):
* [[User:Luciano/Sandbox/Unmapped/Bofobundah|Bofobundah/'''<span style="font-size:150%">بفبوندة</span>''']] - the sultanate of Bofobundah has its own language ([[Bofobundan language]], for convenience written using a modified Farsi script) and culture, vaguely Indonesianish, and a large, chaotic capital city called [[User:Luciano/Sandbox/Unmapped/Zhebeyem|Zhebeyem '''<span style="font-size:150%">ژبيم</span>''']], with some colonial overlays from a Portuguese speaking culture, which includes an ex-colonial city called [[User:Luciano/Sandbox/Unmapped/Porto das Saudades|Porto das Saudades (<span style="font-size:150%">پرتوداسّاودادس</span>)]].
*{{West Commonia}}
* [[User:Luciano/Sandbox/Unmapped/Rasf-sayan|Rasf-sayan]] - an island country, about the size of Puerto Rico but with a distinctive culture resembling Aztecs-in-Haiti. The language is one of my older creations... but I don't have my notes on it, I would have to re-create a lot of it.
*{{Ardisphere}}
* [[User:Luciano/Sandbox/Unmapped/Senhar|Senhar]] - another island country, based on Sri Lanka (and roughly the same area). Intended to be the "holy land" for my imaginary analogue to Buddhism, called Gautamism. It has several lanaguages, including Sirelangan (based on Sinhala, the national language of Sri Lanka), Dibusian (my own conlang, written using Tibetan script, however), and Sinian (based on some Chinese-based language). It is imagined as a relatively poor country with a complex history and multiple sovereign states.
*{{Commonia}}
*''... more''
 
= Phonology =
[[File:Bo_vowel.svg|400px|right]]
== Vowels ==
 
Bofobundan has six distinct vowels, divided into 3 "lax" vowels and 3 "tense" vowels. The vowel chart at right shows IPA and standard Parsan representation - note that the three "lax" vowels, [ɛ], [e] and [o] are normally not written, since they are represented using the Parsan diacritics ''zabar'', ''zir'' and ''pesh''.
 
== Consonants ==
 
== Syllables, Tones ==
 
= Writing System =
 
Modern Bofobundan universally uses an adaptation of Parsan, with special diacritics (not normally written but used in instruction) adopted for the tones. The Parsan alphabet is as follows.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-align="center"
!rowspan="2"| #
!rowspan="2"| Name
!rowspan="2"| Conventional Romanization
!rowspan="2"| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]
!colspan="4"|Contextual forms
|-
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! Isolated
|- align="center"
|1
| Hamza
| ʾ
| [ʔ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;line-height:120%">ـئ ـأ ـؤ </span>
| style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـئـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<span style="font-size:250%;">ئـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<span style="font-size:250%;">ء أ</span>
|- align="center"
|2
| ʾalef
| a
| [a]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـا</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">آ / ا</span>
|- align="center"
|3
| be
| b
| [b]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـب</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـبـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺑ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ب</span>
|- align="center"
|4
| pe
| p
| [p]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـپ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـپـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﭘ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">پ</span>
|- align="center"
|5
| te
| t
| [t]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـت</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـتـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺗ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺕ</span>
|- align="center"
|6
| se
| s
| [s]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـث</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـثـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺛ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺙ</span>
|- align="center"
|7
| jim
| j
| [d͡ʒ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺞ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـجـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺟ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺝ</span>
|- align="center"
|8
| che
| ch
| [t͡ʃ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﭻ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـچـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﭼ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﭺ</span>
|- align="center"
|9
| hhe
| hh
| [h]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺢ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـحـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺣ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺡ</span>
|- align="center"
|10
| khe
| kh
| [x]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺦ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـخـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺧ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺥ</span>
|- align="center"
|11
| dal
| d
| [d]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـد</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺩ</span>
|- align="center"
|12
| xal
| x
| [z]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـذ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺫ</span>
|- align="center"
|13
| re
| r
| [ɾ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـر</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺭ</span>
|- align="center"
|14
| ze
| z
| [z]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـز</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺯ</span>
|- align="center"
|15
| zhe
| zh
| [ʒ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـژ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ژ</span>
|- align="center"
|16
| sin
| s
| [s]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـس</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـسـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺳ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺱ</span>
|- align="center"
|17
| shin
| sh
| [ʃ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـش</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـشـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺷ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺵ</span>
|- align="center"
|18
| ssad
| ss
| [s]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـص</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـصـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺻ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺹ</span>
|- align="center"
|19
| zzad
| zz
| [z]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـض</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـضـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺿ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﺽ</span>
|- align="center"
|20
| tta
| tt
| [t]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـط</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـطـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻃ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻁ</span>
|- align="center"
|21
| xxa
| xx
| [z]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـظ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـظـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻇ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻅ</span>
|- align="center"
|22
| ʿeyn
| ʿ
| [ʔ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـع</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـعـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻋ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻉ</span>
|- align="center"
|23
| gheyn
| gh
| [ɣ] / [ɢ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـغ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـغـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻏ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻍ</span>
|- align="center"
|24
| fe
| f
| [f]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـف</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـفـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻓ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻑ</span>
|- align="center"
|25
| qaf
| q
| [ŋ] / [ɣ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـق</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـقـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻗ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻕ</span>
|- align="center"
|26
| kaf
| k
| [k]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـک</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـکـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">کـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ک</span>
|- align="center"
|27
| gaf
| g
| [ɡ]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـگ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـگـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﮔ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">گ</span>
|- align="center"
|28
| lam
| l
| [l]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـل</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـلـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻟ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻝ</span>
|- align="center"
|29
| mim
| m
| [m]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـم</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـمـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻣ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻡ</span>
|- align="center"
|30
| nun
| n
| [n]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـن</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـنـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻧ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻥ</span>
|- align="center"
|31
| waw
| u
| [u]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـو</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" colspan=2|<span style="font-size:250%;">و</span>
|- align="center"
|32
| he(-dochesh)
| h
| [h]
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـه</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـهـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">هـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻩ</span>
|- align="center"
|33
| ye
| y
| [j] / [i]  
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﯽ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ـیـ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻳ</span>
|style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<span style="font-size:250%;">ﻯ</span>
|}
 
Most consonants have values similar to Parsan, although Bofobundan has a smaller consonant inventory so many Parsan sounds are merged, but Parsan spellings are retained for borrowings and by tradition. Thus Parsan letter <span style="font-size:150%">ﺽ</span> (zad) has the same value, IPA [z], as the letter <span style="font-size:150%">ﺯ</span> (ze), although in original Parsan they are distinct sounds. The one exception to the sounds being more or less similar to Parsan is the letter <span style="font-size:150%">ﻕ</span> (qaf), which was borrowed to represent the sound [ŋ], which didn't exist in Parsan, while the original sound represented by <span style="font-size:150%">ﻕ</span> does not exist in Bofobundan. It is sometimes difficult to remember this for Parsan speakers learning Bofobundan, and it also has resulted in the unusual romanization "q" for the sound [ŋ], thus the Bofobundan form of casual address, <span style="font-size:150%">مِق</span> [mɛŋ] is Romanized "''meq''."
 
= Grammar =
 
One of the most notable features of Bofobundan grammar is the lack of a copula or "be-verb" in day-to-day use. There are some verbs in the literary language that are used in stative meanings (e.g. <span style="font-size:150%;">وافا</span> ''wafa'' "to exist"), but these words are not widely used. Instead, for stative and copular meanings, Bofobundan employs the preterite of a major class of verbs of motion and transformation. Thus to say "I am happy" what is really said is "I went happy". This has then generalized across the grammar such that the preterite and "double-preterite" tenses are often reserved for this kind of stative meaning, while the perfect and pluperfect end up being used in the more typical past-tense meanings.
 
= Vocabulary =
 
= Usage =
 
== Diglossia ==
 
= Literature =
 
= See Also =
 
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 22:41, 1 April 2019

The Bofobundan language (بفبلالا bofolala) is the main, historical language of the country called Bofobundah. It uses a writing system adapted from the Parsan.

Distribution

Besides the Bofobundan homeland, countries with Bofobundan-speaking populations include the following (in descending order of number-of-speakers):

Phonology

File:Bo vowel.svg

Vowels

Bofobundan has six distinct vowels, divided into 3 "lax" vowels and 3 "tense" vowels. The vowel chart at right shows IPA and standard Parsan representation - note that the three "lax" vowels, [ɛ], [e] and [o] are normally not written, since they are represented using the Parsan diacritics zabar, zir and pesh.

Consonants

Syllables, Tones

Writing System

Modern Bofobundan universally uses an adaptation of Parsan, with special diacritics (not normally written but used in instruction) adopted for the tones. The Parsan alphabet is as follows.

# Name Conventional Romanization IPA Contextual forms
Final Medial Initial Isolated
1 Hamza ʾ [ʔ] ـئ ـأ ـؤ ـئـ ئـ ء أ
2 ʾalef a [a] ـا آ / ا
3 be b [b] ـب ـبـ ﺑ ب
4 pe p [p] ـپ ـپـ ﭘ پ
5 te t [t] ـت ـتـ ﺗ ﺕ
6 se s [s] ـث ـثـ ﺛ ﺙ
7 jim j [d͡ʒ] ﺞ ـجـ ﺟ ﺝ
8 che ch [t͡ʃ] ﭻ ـچـ ﭼ ﭺ
9 hhe hh [h] ﺢ ـحـ ﺣ ﺡ
10 khe kh [x] ﺦ ـخـ ﺧ ﺥ
11 dal d [d] ـد ﺩ
12 xal x [z] ـذ ﺫ
13 re r [ɾ] ـر ﺭ
14 ze z [z] ـز ﺯ
15 zhe zh [ʒ] ـژ ژ
16 sin s [s] ـس ـسـ ﺳ ﺱ
17 shin sh [ʃ] ـش ـشـ ﺷ ﺵ
18 ssad ss [s] ـص ـصـ ﺻ ﺹ
19 zzad zz [z] ـض ـضـ ﺿ ﺽ
20 tta tt [t] ـط ـطـ ﻃ ﻁ
21 xxa xx [z] ـظ ـظـ ﻇ ﻅ
22 ʿeyn ʿ [ʔ] ـع ـعـ ﻋ ﻉ
23 gheyn gh [ɣ] / [ɢ] ـغ ـغـ ﻏ ﻍ
24 fe f [f] ـف ـفـ ﻓ ﻑ
25 qaf q [ŋ] / [ɣ] ـق ـقـ ﻗ ﻕ
26 kaf k [k] ـک ـکـ کـ ک
27 gaf g [ɡ] ـگ ـگـ ﮔ گ
28 lam l [l] ـل ـلـ ﻟ ﻝ
29 mim m [m] ـم ـمـ ﻣ ﻡ
30 nun n [n] ـن ـنـ ﻧ ﻥ
31 waw u [u] ـو و
32 he(-dochesh) h [h] ـه ـهـ هـ ﻩ
33 ye y [j] / [i] ﯽ ـیـ ﻳ ﻯ

Most consonants have values similar to Parsan, although Bofobundan has a smaller consonant inventory so many Parsan sounds are merged, but Parsan spellings are retained for borrowings and by tradition. Thus Parsan letter ﺽ (zad) has the same value, IPA [z], as the letter ﺯ (ze), although in original Parsan they are distinct sounds. The one exception to the sounds being more or less similar to Parsan is the letter ﻕ (qaf), which was borrowed to represent the sound [ŋ], which didn't exist in Parsan, while the original sound represented by ﻕ does not exist in Bofobundan. It is sometimes difficult to remember this for Parsan speakers learning Bofobundan, and it also has resulted in the unusual romanization "q" for the sound [ŋ], thus the Bofobundan form of casual address, مِق [mɛŋ] is Romanized "meq."

Grammar

One of the most notable features of Bofobundan grammar is the lack of a copula or "be-verb" in day-to-day use. There are some verbs in the literary language that are used in stative meanings (e.g. وافا wafa "to exist"), but these words are not widely used. Instead, for stative and copular meanings, Bofobundan employs the preterite of a major class of verbs of motion and transformation. Thus to say "I am happy" what is really said is "I went happy". This has then generalized across the grammar such that the preterite and "double-preterite" tenses are often reserved for this kind of stative meaning, while the perfect and pluperfect end up being used in the more typical past-tense meanings.

Vocabulary

Usage

Diglossia

Literature

See Also

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